I introduce our novel machine intelligence technology known as “intelligent Image-Activated Cell Sorting (intelligent IACS)” [Cell 175, 1 (2018)]. This technology builds on a unique integration of high-throughput cell microscopy, focusing, and sorting techniques on a unique software-hardware platform and hence performs fully automated operation for data acquisition, data processing, decision making, and actuation. Also, I present two unique applications in microbiology and hematology enabled by the technology and discuss how technology enables machine-based scientific discovery in diverse biological and medical sciences.